Install Alpine Linux on an older computer

For the old hardware, I would much rather find new ways to use it, rather than just throwing it away. The Alpine Linux is a non-comercial distribution known for its small resource requirements, simplicity and security.

The version I have used for my install is 3.11.3. However, the purpose of this article is to provide a rather general overview of what you need to do. So the intention is to use the latest versions for everything, even if this might lead to some different here and there, as compared to the following content.

You can find more information on the project's webpage: https://www.alpinelinux.org/about/

What should you do first?

Learn how to get into the BIOS of your machine and make sure you can boot from a USB stick. If this is not possible, then you must find an alternative to creating the installation media;
Check if your machine supports x64 architecture, so that you know which version of the install kit to download;
Obviously, you should have another device present, for researching situations not described in this tutorial or create new installation media etc.

Create a bootable image of Alpine Linux

Which version of alpine linux should you download for your bare metal install? For a rather normal install you should probably download the standard x64 version.
https://alpinelinux.org/downloads/

We will use balenaEtcher (https://www.balena.io/etcher/) to create the bootable USB stick. It has a quite intuitive interface, very accesible to everybody. The main thing to take into account is that it will delete all the data on your USB stick, so be sure this will not affect you.

Boot from the USB stick and install

A basic requirement is to be able to boot from a USB device. Depending on your machine, you might need to make some changes in your BIOS.

A couple of great tutorials installing Alpine with xfce as a virtual machine can be found at:

The operating system

I had multiple attempts to install the operating system, mainly because trouble setting up the network connection. However, with a little bit of patience and luck, you should be fine.

As the operating system loads from the USB stick, follow this:

use root as username to login;
setup-alpine and follow the default options as much as possible;
remove the USB stick;
reboot

Small introduction

Alpine apk does not have anything to do with the Android world apk files;
rc-service <name> start will immediately start your package;
rc-update add <name> will add your package to the default runlevel;
rc-update del <name> will prevent the package to start.

Sources:

XFCE as grapical interface

apk update
apk add nano
nano is a very comfortable editor in the linux world. As opposed to vi which is already installed, nano has a rather more beginner friendly interface.
nano /etc/apk/repositories
and ensure that /community is not commented.
setup-xorg-base
apk add alpine-desktop
apk add xfce4
reboot

Other useful packages:

apk add git
apk add curl

At this point, you have two options. The first one is to manually start the desktop environment by using exec startxfce4 every time you want the desktop environment. The second is to continue with this sequence of commands, to have it start automatically.

apk add thunar-volman udisks2
This is an extension for the Thunar file manager, which enables automatic management of removable drives;
apk add faenza-icon-theme
As the name states, this is a nice icon theme;
apk add slim
slim is a lightweight and simple to configure login manager;
rc-service dbus start
rc-update add dbus
rc-service udev start
rc-update add udev
rc-update add slim
reboot

Sources:

Further customisation and commands

Set a network name

For accesting the host easier inside the network, you can give the computer a name. I think I went around with the solution a bit, but I have named my computer shorty with the following process:

echo "shorty" > /etc/hostname
hostname -F /etc/hostname
setup-interfaces
This will start helper which will guide you though configuring the network
reboot

Source:

Change the password for a user

echo "root:password" | chpasswd

This command will change the password for user root to password.

Connect with root via ssh

First and most important: this is not a safe practice, you should not use the root user directly. However, I use my computer for testing inside my home network. And it is more comfortable to do more settings via the command line, from my workstation.

So, use the following commands:

nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Ensure the following is present: PermitRootLogin yes

Source: https://superuser.com/questions/539139/putty-password-access-denied

Zsh and starship

Zsh is one of the first things I install, wherever possible. This alpine installation will be no exception. However, on this install I had a little trouble using .antigen and while trying to fix it, I have stumbled upon starship. This apparently packs some interesting functionality, I had to try it:

apk add zsh
curl -fsSL https://starship.rs/install.sh | bash

Add antigen:

mkdir ~/.antigen/ && cd ~/.antigen
curl -L git.io/antigen > antigen.zsh
nano ~/.zshrc and add your configuration.

An example configuration is:

eval "$(starship init zsh)"

source ~/.antigen/antigen.zsh

antigen use oh-my-zsh
antigen bundle git
antigen bundle heroku
antigen bundle pip
antigen bundle lein
antigen bundle command-not-found

antigen bundle zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting
antigen bundle zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions

# antigen theme bira

antigen apply

To update the default shell for a user, you can do the following:

sudo nano /etc/passwd
replace /bin/bash with /bin/zsh for whichever user you want to use this shell as default.

Sources:

Create a new sudo user

It is well known that using root for a linux system is discouraged. Use the following steps to create a new user - newuser - and assign elevated privileges to it:

adduser newuser
addgroup sudo
addgroup newuser sudo
nano /etc/sudoers and add: %sudo ALL=(ALL) ALL

You can use: su newuser to switch to the new user and sudo ls -la as a test command. If something went wrong, you will see a message similar to: newuser is not in the sudoers file. This incident will be reported.

Otherwise, the list of expected files and folders will be displayed.

Sources: